Should lisinopril (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) be held in patients with bradycardia?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: December 5, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Should Lisinopril Be Held for Low Heart Rate?

No, lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor) should not be held for bradycardia because ACE inhibitors do not directly cause low heart rate—they do not have negative chronotropic effects. 1

Key Pharmacologic Principle

Lisinopril does not affect heart rate or cardiovascular reflexes 1. Unlike beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors work by:

  • Inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme activity
  • Reducing plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone
  • Increasing plasma renin activity
  • Not affecting sinus node automaticity or atrioventricular conduction 1

When Bradycardia Occurs in Patients on Lisinopril

If a patient on lisinopril develops symptomatic bradycardia, the approach should focus on identifying the actual cause 2:

Evaluate for Reversible Causes (Class I Recommendation)

  • Medications that actually cause bradycardia: beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, antiarrhythmic drugs 2
  • Electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia, severe acidosis)
  • Hypothyroidism 2
  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Metabolic abnormalities 2

Review Other Heart Rate-Slowing Drugs

If bradycardia is symptomatic (heart rate <50 bpm with worsening symptoms), the guideline-recommended approach is to 2:

  • Review and adjust beta-blockers (halve dose or stop if severe deterioration)
  • Review need for digoxin, amiodarone, or diltiazem 2
  • Arrange ECG to exclude heart block 2

Acute Management of Symptomatic Bradycardia

If the patient has symptomatic bradycardia with hemodynamic compromise, treatment options include 2:

  • Atropine 0.5-1 mg IV (Class IIa recommendation) 2
  • Beta-agonists (dopamine, isoproterenol, epinephrine) if atropine fails 2
  • Temporary pacing for persistent hemodynamically unstable bradycardia refractory to medical therapy 2

None of these interventions involve holding lisinopril.

Important Clinical Context

When ACE Inhibitors Should Be Continued

Lisinopril provides significant mortality and morbidity benefits in heart failure patients, even those with atrial fibrillation 3. High doses (32.5-35 mg daily) reduce:

  • Death or hospitalization by 12% (p=0.002)
  • Heart failure hospitalizations by 24% (p=0.002) 4

The One Exception: Drug Interaction

The only documented case linking lisinopril to bradycardia involved concomitant tizanidine therapy, where the combination caused severe hypotension and bradycardia 5. This was an interaction effect, not a direct effect of lisinopril alone.

Common Pitfall to Avoid

Do not discontinue beneficial ACE inhibitor therapy when bradycardia occurs. Instead:

  1. Identify the true culprit medication (beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, digoxin) 2
  2. Adjust or discontinue the actual bradycardia-causing agent 2
  3. Continue lisinopril for its proven cardiovascular benefits 6, 4

Asymptomatic bradycardia in physiologically normal individuals (athletes, during sleep) requires no intervention and certainly no medication adjustments 2.

References

Research

The clinical pharmacology of lisinopril.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1987

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Hypotension and bradycardia associated with concomitant tizanidine and lisinopril therapy.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2010

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.