What is the treatment for otosyphilis (syphilis affecting the ear)?

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From the Guidelines

Otosyphilis treatment should be the same as neurosyphilis treatment, which typically involves aqueous crystalline penicillin G 18-24 million units per day, administered as 3-4 million units IV every 4 hours or continuous infusion, for 10-14 days.

Treatment Options

  • The recommended regimen is aqueous crystalline penicillin G 18-24 million units per day, administered as 3-4 million units IV every 4 hours or continuous infusion, for 10-14 days 1.
  • An alternative regimen is procaine penicillin 2.4 million units IM once daily, plus probenecid 500 mg orally four times a day, both for 10-14 days 1.
  • Some specialists may also administer benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million units IM once per week for up to 3 weeks after completion of these neurosyphilis treatment regimens to provide a comparable total duration of therapy 1.

Important Considerations

  • All patients with syphilis should be tested for HIV 1.
  • Systemic steroids are not proven beneficial as adjunctive therapy for otologic syphilis 1.
  • Ceftriaxone can be used as an alternative treatment for patients with neurosyphilis, although the possibility of cross-reactivity between this agent and penicillin exists 1.
  • Penicillin G, administered parenterally, is the preferred drug for treatment of all stages of syphilis 1.

From the Research

Treatment Overview

The treatment for otosyphilis typically involves the use of antibiotics, specifically penicillin, and in some cases, corticosteroids.

  • Penicillin is the primary treatment for otosyphilis, with studies showing improvement in hearing, tinnitus, and vertigo in some patients 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • The use of corticosteroids as an adjuvant therapy has been reported in some studies, with varying degrees of success 2, 5, 6.

Treatment Regimens

Different treatment regimens have been used to treat otosyphilis, including:

  • Intravenous penicillin G sodium (PGS) at a dose of 24 mu/day for 14 days 3.
  • A combined course of long-term penicillin and prednisone 5.
  • Penicillin G plus additional medications, such as benzathine penicillin and probenecid 3.

Response to Treatment

The response to treatment for otosyphilis can vary, with some studies reporting:

  • Improvement in hearing in 25% to 52.9% of patients 2, 3.
  • Improvement in tinnitus in 71% of patients 2.
  • Improvement in vertigo in 66% of patients 2.
  • Complete recovery of hearing is possible with prompt diagnosis and treatment 4.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Otosyphilis: diagnostic and therapeutic update.

The Journal of otolaryngology, 1993

Research

Penicillin G Sodium as a Treatment of Otosyphilis with Hearing Loss.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2019

Research

Otosyphilis: report on six cases.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2004

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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