What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with a swollen bulb of the thumb finger after a traumatic injury from a stick, with an intact nail bed?

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Diagnosis: Felon

The most likely diagnosis is a felon (Option A), which is an abscess of the distal pulp space of the fingertip following penetrating trauma with a stick. 1

Clinical Reasoning

Why Felon is the Correct Diagnosis

  • Mechanism of injury matches perfectly: Penetrating trauma from a stick directly inoculates bacteria into the closed pulp space of the distal phalanx, which is the classic mechanism for felon development 1, 2

  • "Swollen bulb" is pathognomonic: A felon presents with tense swelling of the entire fingertip pulp due to the complex system of fibrous septa that compartmentalize the infection, creating the characteristic bulbous appearance 1

  • Intact nail bed excludes nail-related pathology: The preserved nail bed rules out primary nail bed injury and makes paronychia (which affects periungual tissues) less likely 1

  • Extreme pain is expected: Felons are characteristically extremely painful because the fibrous septa limit swelling, causing rapid pressure buildup in a confined space 1

Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Paronychia (Option B) affects the nail fold and periungual tissues, not the pulp space of the fingertip. It presents with swelling and erythema around the nail margins, not a swollen "bulb" of the entire fingertip 3, 1

Onychomycosis (Option C) is a chronic fungal infection causing nail thickening, discoloration, and friable texture over weeks to months—completely incompatible with acute traumatic presentation 3

Cellulitis (Option D) would present with spreading erythema and edema without the localized, tense, bulbous swelling confined to the distal pulp space that characterizes a felon 1

Critical Management Considerations

Urgent Surgical Intervention Required

  • Felons require prompt surgical drainage to prevent devastating complications including osteomyelitis of the distal phalanx, flexor tendon sheath infection, and potential digit loss 1, 2

  • Delayed treatment leads to destruction of fibrous septa and allows spread into bone or flexor tendon sheath, potentially requiring partial amputation 2

Common Pitfall to Avoid

Do not attempt conservative management with antibiotics alone—the compartmentalized nature of the pulp space prevents adequate antibiotic penetration, and the infection will progress rapidly without surgical decompression 1, 2

References

Research

[Paronychia and Felons - Surgical Treatment].

Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V..., 2021

Guideline

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Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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