Differential Diagnosis
- Single most likely diagnosis
- A) Caput succedaneum: This is the most likely diagnosis given the presentation of diffuse edema of the parietal scalp that crosses suture lines in a newborn. Caput succedaneum is a common condition that occurs due to the pressure exerted on the infant's head during a vaginal delivery, especially with the application of suprapubic pressure. It is characterized by swelling of the scalp, which can cross suture lines, and typically resolves on its own within a few days.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- E) Subgaleal hemorrhage: Although less common than caput succedaneum, subgaleal hemorrhage could be considered given the diffuse nature of the edema. However, it typically presents with more significant symptoms, such as pallor, tachycardia, or signs of shock due to blood loss, which are not mentioned in the scenario.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- D) Subdural hematoma: While less likely given the clinical presentation, subdural hematoma is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is more commonly associated with traumatic births or significant trauma but can occur without obvious signs of trauma.
- C) Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Similar to subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage is a critical condition that, although rare in newborns, could present with nonspecific signs such as lethargy, seizures, or apnea, which are not described in this scenario.
- Rare diagnoses
- B) Cephalohematoma: This condition is less likely because it typically does not cross suture lines, as the bleeding is confined between the skull and its periosteum. Cephalohematoma usually presents as a well-defined, firm swelling over one bone of the skull, which contrasts with the diffuse edema described in the patient.