What are the steroid dose equivalencies and conversion factors for adult patients with various medical conditions, including impaired renal or liver function, requiring steroid treatment?

Steroid Dose Equivalency and Conversion Examples

Standard Oral Glucocorticoid Equivalencies

The fundamental conversion ratios for oral and intravenous glucocorticoids are: cortisone 25 mg = hydrocortisone 20 mg = prednisolone 5 mg = prednisone 5 mg = methylprednisolone 4 mg = triamcinolone 4 mg = paramethasone 2 mg = betamethasone 0.75 mg = dexamethasone 0.75 mg 1.

• These dose relationships apply specifically to oral or intravenous administration 1.
• When these compounds are injected intramuscularly or into joint spaces, their relative properties may be greatly altered and these equivalencies no longer apply 1.
• Prednisone and prednisolone are completely equivalent, used in the same dosage, and are interchangeable 2.

Clinical Application Examples

Example 1: Converting Prednisone to Methylprednisolone

• A patient on prednisone 40 mg daily needs conversion to IV methylprednisolone 1.
• Using the 5:4 ratio, prednisone 40 mg = methylprednisolone 32 mg daily 1.
• This conversion is commonly used in COPD exacerbations, where oral methylprednisolone 32 mg/day for 7 days is as effective as higher parenteral doses 3.

Example 2: High-Dose Glucocorticoid Threshold for Osteoporosis Risk

• High-dose glucocorticoid therapy is defined as prednisone equivalent ≥30 mg daily for ≥30 days or cumulative dose ≥5 g over 1 year 2.
• This threshold increases vertebral fracture risk 14-fold and hip fracture risk 3-fold 2.
• To calculate if a patient on methylprednisolone reaches this threshold: methylprednisolone 24 mg daily = prednisone 30 mg equivalent (using 4:5 ratio) 1.
• A patient on dexamethasone 4 mg daily = prednisone 26.7 mg equivalent (using 0.75:5 ratio), which approaches but does not meet the high-dose threshold 1.

Example 3: Moderate-Dose Threshold for Infection Prophylaxis

• Screening and antimicrobial prophylaxis for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, Strongyloides, and PJP should be considered at prednisone-equivalent dose (PEQ) ≥15 to <30 mg for ≥8 weeks 4.
• A patient on methylprednisolone 12 mg daily = prednisone 15 mg equivalent, meeting the moderate-dose threshold 1, 4.
• Hydrocortisone 60 mg daily = prednisone 15 mg equivalent (using 20:5 ratio), also meeting this threshold 1, 4.

Example 4: Nephrotic Syndrome Initial Dosing

• For adults with minimal change disease, prednisone should be given at 1 mg/kg daily (maximum 80 mg) or 2 mg/kg alternate-day (maximum 120 mg) 2.
• For a 70 kg patient, this equals prednisone 70 mg daily or 140 mg alternate-day (capped at 120 mg) 2.
• If converting to methylprednisolone: 70 mg prednisone = 56 mg methylprednisolone daily 1.

Example 5: Asthma Exacerbation Dosing

• For acute asthma exacerbations, prednisolone 30-40 mg daily should be given until lung function returns to previous best, typically 7 days but up to 21 days 2.
• This dose does not require tapering when used for short courses up to 2 weeks 2.
• Converting to methylprednisolone: prednisolone 40 mg = methylprednisolone 32 mg 1.

Example 6: Inhaled Corticosteroid Equivalencies

• Standard inhaled steroid dosing should not exceed a daily equivalent of 2000 µg beclomethasone 2.
• Beclomethasone 800 µg/day is considered the upper limit of standard dosing before escalating to higher doses 2.
• These inhaled doses have minimal systemic equivalency and should not be converted to oral steroid equivalents for systemic effect calculations 2.

Example 7: Adrenal Crisis Stress Dosing

• For adrenal crisis or major surgery (including cesarean section), give hydrocortisone 100 mg IV bolus followed by 200 mg/24 hours continuous infusion 5, 6.
• The 200 mg/24 hours equals approximately 8.3 mg/hour 5, 6.
• Alternative regimen: hydrocortisone 50 mg IV/IM every 6 hours 5, 6.
• Converting this to oral prednisone equivalent: hydrocortisone 200 mg = prednisone 50 mg (using 20:5 ratio), though this conversion is not clinically used during acute crisis 1.

Example 8: Pediatric Dosing Conversions

• For children, betamethasone initial dose ranges from 0.02 to 0.3 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses (0.6 to 9 mg/m² BSA/day) 1.
• For a 20 kg child, this equals betamethasone 0.4 to 6 mg/day 1.
• Converting to prednisone equivalent: betamethasone 0.75 mg = prednisone 5 mg, so betamethasone 0.4 mg = prednisone 2.7 mg 1.

Critical Dosing Thresholds Summary

• Low-dose chronic steroids: <7.5 mg prednisone equivalent daily 2.
• Moderate-dose requiring infection prophylaxis: ≥15 to <30 mg PEQ for ≥8 weeks 4.
• High-dose increasing fracture risk: ≥30 mg PEQ daily for ≥30 days 2.
• Very high cumulative dose: ≥5 g prednisone equivalent over 1 year 2.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Never assume intramuscular or intra-articular steroid potency follows the same equivalency ratios as oral/IV administration 1.
• Do not use dexamethasone for adrenal crisis as it lacks mineralocorticoid activity and has prolonged half-life making dose adjustment difficult 5, 6.
• When calculating cumulative glucocorticoid exposure for osteoporosis risk, convert all doses to prednisone equivalents: a patient on methylprednisolone 24 mg daily for 6 months = prednisone 30 mg × 180 days = 5.4 g cumulative dose, exceeding the high-risk threshold 2, 1.
• For patients with renal impairment (eGFR <35 mL/min), standard dose equivalencies still apply, but bisphosphonate options for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis become limited 2.