Differential Diagnosis for a 1-Year-Old Girl with Fever and Clear Runny Nose
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI): This is the most likely diagnosis given the symptoms of fever, clear runny nose, and responsiveness to ibuprofen. The age of the patient and the nature of the symptoms are consistent with a common cold or another type of viral URTI.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Sinusitis: Although less common in this age group, sinusitis could present with similar symptoms, especially if the fever is persistent and the nasal discharge is purulent.
- Pharyngitis: Could be considered if there were symptoms suggestive of a sore throat, though this is not explicitly mentioned.
- Influenza: Given the fever and respiratory symptoms, influenza is a possibility, especially during flu season.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Bacterial meningitis: Although the patient does not have specific symptoms like neck stiffness or rash, bacterial meningitis can present subtly in young children and is a medical emergency.
- Sepsis: Any child with a high fever, especially one that is not responding consistently to antipyretics, should be evaluated for sepsis, a life-threatening condition.
- Pneumonia: Could present with fever and might not always have a cough or difficulty breathing, especially in young children.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Kawasaki disease: Although it typically presents with rash, fever, and other specific criteria, atypical presentations can occur, and it's a condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent cardiac complications.
- Leukemia: Can present with persistent fever among other symptoms, though it would be unusual for it to be the first consideration without other signs like pallor, bruising, or weight loss.
- Autoimmune disorders: Certain autoimmune conditions could present with recurring fevers, though additional symptoms would typically be present.