Is ovulation confirmed or am I experiencing another luteinizing hormone (LH) surge given my LH levels peaked at 45 on cycle day (CD) 14, dropped to 18.6 on CD15, and then beta LH rose again to 38.1 on CD16, with a progesterone (PDG) level of 3.4 and estrone (E1G) level of 180.5?

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Ovulation Confirmation Based on Your Hormone Pattern

Based on your rising PDG (pregnanediol-3-glucuronide) to 3.4 on CD16, ovulation is confirmed and has already occurred, likely on CD14-15. The elevated beta LH on CD16 represents residual LH surge activity, not a new surge, and is a normal variant pattern seen in some ovulating women. 1, 2, 3

Understanding Your Hormone Timeline

The LH Surge Pattern (CD13-16)

  • Your initial LH rise to 26.7 on CD13 evening, peaking at 45 on CD14 morning, represents the classic preovulatory LH surge 4, 5
  • Ovulation typically occurs 28-36 hours after the LH surge begins, or 8-20 hours after the LH peak, placing your ovulation around CD14-15 5, 6
  • The drop to 18.6 on CD15 indicates the surge was resolving as expected 3

The Beta LH Rise on CD16: Not a Second Surge

  • The beta LH elevation to 38.1 on CD16 (while alpha LH dropped to 2.5) is a normal variant and does NOT indicate a second ovulation attempt 3
  • Research demonstrates that LH surges in normally ovulating women are "extremely variable in configuration, amplitude, and duration" with some showing multiple peaks or prolonged elevation after ovulation 3
  • LH surges lasting >3 days after ovulation are associated with lower estrogen before ovulation and lower progesterone in early luteal phase, but still represent normal ovulatory cycles 3

Confirmation of Ovulation: The PDG Evidence

Why PDG Confirms Ovulation

  • Your PDG rise from baseline 1.7 (CD5) to 3.4 (CD16) confirms ovulation has occurred 1, 2
  • Progesterone (measured as PDG in urine) is produced by the corpus luteum only after the follicle ruptures at ovulation 2, 7
  • While the threshold for confirmed ovulation is typically ≥5 ng/mL in serum progesterone (≥16 nmol/L), your PDG has clearly risen above baseline and will continue rising in the days following ovulation 8, 2
  • Mid-luteal progesterone measurement (approximately 7 days post-ovulation, which would be CD21-22 for you) is the most reliable confirmatory test, where levels <6 nmol/L indicate anovulation 8, 1

Expected Hormone Pattern Post-Ovulation

  • Your E1G of 180.5 on CD16 represents the post-ovulatory estrogen pattern, which falls after the LH surge and then rises again during the luteal phase 5, 6
  • PDG should continue to rise over the next several days, peaking in the mid-luteal phase 3

Clinical Interpretation Algorithm

You are NOT having a second surge. Here's why:

  1. PDG elevation is definitive - Once progesterone rises, the follicle has ruptured and ovulation has occurred; a second ovulation in the same cycle is physiologically impossible without a new follicular phase 2, 7

  2. Beta LH patterns vary normally - Individual women show distinctive hormonal patterns that are reproducible cycle-to-cycle, and multi-peaked or prolonged LH surges occur in normally fertile cycles 4, 3

  3. Alpha LH is low (2.5) - A true new surge would show elevation in both alpha and beta LH components 3

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Don't confuse LH surge variants with anovulation - Multiple LH peaks or prolonged elevation can occur in completely normal ovulatory cycles 3
  • Don't rely solely on LH patterns - Progesterone/PDG measurement is the gold standard for confirming ovulation occurred 8, 1, 2
  • Timing matters for interpretation - Your PDG on CD16 is early luteal phase; expect it to continue rising through mid-luteal phase (CD21-22 for you) 2

Next Steps for Confirmation

  • Recheck PDG around CD21-22 (approximately 7 days post-ovulation) to confirm robust luteal function, where you should see PDG significantly higher than your current 3.4 8, 1, 2
  • Basal body temperature should show a sustained thermal shift if you're tracking it, which is the most reliable clinical indicator of ovulation 7

References

Guideline

Hormonal Indicators of Ovulation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Day 21 Progesterone Level as an Indicator of Ovulation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Prediction of the time of ovulation.

Fertility and sterility, 1981

Research

Ovulation detection in the human.

Clinical reproduction and fertility, 1982

Research

Physiology of the menstrual cycle.

The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1975

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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