How many times a day is NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin administered to a patient with type 2 diabetes?

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Frecuencia de Administración de Insulina NPH en Diabetes Tipo 2

La insulina NPH se administra típicamente una o dos veces al día en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, comenzando con una dosis nocturna (antes de acostarse) y progresando a dos veces al día (mañana y noche) si el control glucémico es insuficiente. 1

Esquema Inicial: Una Vez al Día

  • La American Diabetes Association recomienda iniciar con insulina NPH una vez al día antes de acostarse como primera opción cuando se requiere terapia con insulina basal en diabetes tipo 2 1
  • La dosis inicial recomendada es de 10 unidades por día o 0.1-0.2 unidades/kg por día 1
  • La administración nocturna es superior a la matutina para el control glucémico en diabetes tipo 2, logrando mejor control de la glucemia basal y hemoglobina glucosilada 2

Progresión a Dos Veces al Día

Si el control glucémico permanece por encima del objetivo con NPH nocturna, se debe considerar convertir a un régimen de dos veces al día:

  • La conversión implica usar el 80% de la dosis nocturna actual de NPH como dosis total diaria 1
  • Distribuir 2/3 de la dosis en la mañana y 1/3 antes de acostarse 1
  • Este esquema bidireccional proporciona mejor cobertura durante todo el día cuando una sola dosis es insuficiente 1

Titulación y Ajustes

  • Aumentar la dosis en 2 unidades cada 3 días hasta alcanzar el objetivo de glucemia en ayunas sin hipoglucemia 1
  • Si ocurre hipoglucemia sin causa clara, reducir la dosis correspondiente en 10-20% 1
  • El objetivo es mantener la glucemia preprandial en ayunas dentro del rango establecido (generalmente <130 mg/dL) 1

Consideraciones Especiales

  • La NPH puede combinarse con insulina prandial si se necesita intensificación adicional, administrando la insulina de acción rápida con la comida más grande del día 1
  • En pacientes que desarrollan hipoglucemia frecuente con NPH nocturna, considerar cambiar a un análogo de insulina basal de acción prolongada administrado en la mañana 1
  • La combinación de NPH nocturna con sulfonilureas diurnas produce control glucémico similar a la insulina dos veces al día pero con menor ganancia de peso 3

Errores Comunes a Evitar

  • No administrar NPH en la mañana como monoterapia inicial en diabetes tipo 2, ya que la administración nocturna es más efectiva 2
  • No mantener indefinidamente una dosis única si persiste hiperglucemia diurna; progresar a dos veces al día según necesidad 1
  • Evitar la sobrebasalización (dosis >0.5 unidades/kg/día) sin considerar terapias complementarias como agonistas de GLP-1 1

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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