What is the recommended dose of mesna for a patient receiving cyclophosphamide at a dose of 2200mg/m^2?

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Dosis Mesna untuk Siklospospamid 2200mg/m²

Untuk siklospospamid dosis tinggi 2200mg/m², berikan mesna dengan dosis total 2200mg/m² (100% dari dosis siklospospamid), dibagi dalam tiga dosis: 440mg/m² IV bolus pada saat pemberian siklospospamid (20%), diikuti 880mg/m² oral pada 2 jam (40%) dan 880mg/m² oral pada 6 jam (40%) setelah siklospospamid, disertai hidrasi agresif dengan salin. 1

Protokol Pemberian Mesna

Dosis 2200mg/m² adalah dosis siklospospamid yang sangat tinggi, biasanya digunakan dalam konteks transplantasi sel punca, sehingga memerlukan perlindungan urotelial yang maksimal. 1

Jadwal Pemberian:

  • Dosis pertama: 440mg/m² IV bolus bersamaan dengan pemberian siklospospamid (20% dari dosis siklospospamid) 1
  • Dosis kedua: 880mg/m² oral 2 jam setelah siklospospamid (40% dari dosis siklospospamid) 1
  • Dosis ketiga: 880mg/m² oral 6 jam setelah siklospospamid (40% dari dosis siklospospamid) 1
  • Total dosis harian: 2200mg/m² (100% dari dosis siklospospamid) 1

Hidrasi Agresif (Wajib)

Mesna saja tidak cukup untuk mencegah sistitis hemoragik—hidrasi agresif juga mutlak diperlukan. 1

  • Cairan oral: Pasien harus minum 2-3 liter cairan dalam 24 jam untuk mengencerkan metabolit dalam urin 1
  • Cairan IV: Berikan cairan salin intravena sebelum dan sesudah kemoterapi dengan diuresis paksa 1, 2
  • Frekuensi berkemih: Instruksikan pasien untuk berkemih sesering mungkin selama pengobatan 1
  • Berkemih pagi hari: Pasien harus mengosongkan kandung kemih segera setelah bangun tidur (urin yang tertahan semalaman meningkatkan paparan mukosa kandung kemih terhadap acrolein) 1

Peringatan Penting dan Cara Menghindari Kesalahan

Jika Pasien Muntah:

  • Jika pasien muntah dalam 2 jam setelah minum mesna oral, ulangi dosis oral atau ganti ke mesna IV 1, 3
  • Ini sangat penting karena muntah dapat mengurangi perlindungan urotelial secara signifikan

Monitoring Ketat:

  • Observasi minimal 12 jam pertama untuk memantau sistitis hemoragik, mual, muntah, dan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit 1
  • Pantau produksi dan tampilan urin untuk tanda-tanda hematuria 1
  • Peringatkan pasien untuk melaporkan jika urin berubah menjadi merah muda atau merah 1
  • Evaluasi fungsi ginjal secara teratur, terutama pada pasien dengan insufisiensi ginjal yang sudah ada sebelumnya 1

Profilaksis Tambahan

  • Profilaksis Pneumocystis jirovecii: Berikan trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (800/160 mg selang sehari atau 400/80 mg setiap hari) pada semua pasien yang diobati dengan siklospospamid 4, 1, 2

Konteks Klinis Dosis Tinggi

Pada dosis 2200mg/m², insiden hematuria grade 3-4 dengan mesna yang adekuat adalah <5%, tetapi tanpa perlindungan yang memadai, angkanya bisa jauh lebih tinggi. 1 Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis kumulatif siklospospamid adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko untuk sistitis hemoragik (HR untuk peningkatan 10-g adalah 1.24, p < 0.001). 5

Meskipun ada satu studi retrospektif yang tidak menemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam insiden sistitis hemoragik antara pasien yang menerima mesna versus tidak (1.5% vs 1.8%, p = 0.08) 5, pedoman dari American College of Physicians dan American Society of Clinical Oncology tetap merekomendasikan mesna untuk dosis tinggi siklospospamid karena bukti dari uji klinis terkontrol menunjukkan efektivitasnya. 1, 2

References

Guideline

High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Regimen

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Monitorización después de la administración de ciclofosfamida endovenosa

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Mesna Administration Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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