What medications is Misoprostol pharmacologically similar to?

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Somiglianza Farmacologica del Misoprostol

Il misoprostol è farmacologicamente simile alle prostaglandine, in particolare è un analogo sintetico della prostaglandina E1 (PGE1). 1, 2

Classificazione e Struttura Chimica

  • Il misoprostol è specificamente un analogo sintetico 15-deossi-16-idrossi-16-metil della prostaglandina E1 2
  • La sua struttura molecolare è strettamente correlata alla PGE1 naturale, con modifiche che ne migliorano la stabilità e la biodisponibilità orale 2

Meccanismo d'Azione Simile alle Prostaglandine

  • Il misoprostol si lega agli stessi recettori delle prostaglandine di tipo E, dimostrando alta affinità per i recettori prostaglandinici E1, ma non per i recettori delle prostaglandine F o I 1
  • Gli studi in vitro su cellule parietali canine hanno identificato recettori prostaglandinici specifici che legano il misoprostol in modo saturabile, reversibile e stereospecifico 1

Farmaci Correlati nella Stessa Classe

  • Dinoprostone (prostaglandina E2): utilizzato per le stesse indicazioni ostetriche del misoprostol, ma con effetti più pronunciati sulla pressione arteriosa 3
  • Gemeprost: altro analogo prostaglandinico utilizzato in ostetricia e ginecologia 4
  • Alprostadil: termine alternativo per la prostaglandina E1 naturale 5

Differenze Farmacologiche Importanti

  • A differenza del dinoprostone (PGE2), il misoprostol (analogo PGE1) ha effetti meno marcati sulla pressione arteriosa, rendendolo preferibile in pazienti con malattie cardiovascolari attive 3
  • Le prostaglandine F devono essere evitate perché possono aumentare significativamente la pressione arteriosa polmonare e diminuire la perfusione coronarica 3

Proprietà Farmacologiche Condivise

  • Effetti antisecretori gastrici: inibisce la secrezione acida gastrica basale e notturna, simile ad altre prostaglandine E 1
  • Effetti citoprotettivi mucosali: aumenta la produzione di bicarbonato e muco nella mucosa gastrica 1, 2
  • Effetti uterotonici: produce contrazioni uterine attraverso l'attivazione dei recettori prostaglandinici, proprietà condivisa con dinoprostone e gemeprost 3, 4, 6

Considerazioni Cliniche Pratiche

  • Il misoprostol costa $0.36-$1.20 per compressa da 100 µg, significativamente meno del dinoprostone ($65-$75 per gel, $165 per inserto) 7, 8
  • A differenza del dinoprostone, il misoprostol è stabile a temperatura ambiente e non richiede refrigerazione 7, 8, 9
  • Attenzione: esiste un rischio teorico di vasospasmo coronarico con misoprostol e dinoprostone, sebbene questo sia più pronunciato con la PGE2 3

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 2000

Research

Vaginal misoprostol for term labor induction.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1997

Research

Uses of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology.

Reviews in obstetrics & gynecology, 2009

Guideline

Misoprostol Dosing Recommendations for Labor Induction and Other Obstetric Indications

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Misoprostol Dosing Recommendations for Labor Induction and Other Obstetric Indications

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Misoprostol Administration Routes and Clinical Indications

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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