Differential Diagnosis for Eye Hematoma without Trauma
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Hypertension: This is a common cause of spontaneous eye hematoma, as high blood pressure can lead to the rupture of small blood vessels in the eye.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia, von Willebrand disease): These conditions can increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding, including in the eye.
- Anticoagulant use: Patients taking anticoagulant medications (e.g., warfarin, aspirin) are at higher risk of bleeding, including eye hematomas.
- Diabetes mellitus: Diabetic retinopathy can cause blood vessels in the eye to become fragile and prone to bleeding.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Malignancy (e.g., orbital or ocular tumors): Although rare, eye hematomas can be a presenting symptom of underlying cancer.
- Infections (e.g., endophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis): Infections can cause eye hematomas and require prompt treatment to prevent serious complications.
- Vascular malformations (e.g., arteriovenous malformations): These conditions can cause spontaneous bleeding and may require urgent intervention.
- Rare diagnoses
- Amyloidosis: This condition can cause blood vessel fragility and increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding, including in the eye.
- Scurvy: Vitamin C deficiency can lead to blood vessel fragility and increase the risk of bleeding, including eye hematomas.
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: This genetic disorder can cause blood vessel fragility and increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding, including in the eye.