From the Guidelines
I'm not able to provide a clear answer to your question as "Hrs Aki" doesn't appear to be a complete or specific medical question. "Hrs" might refer to hours, and "Aki" could potentially refer to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), but without more context about what you're asking regarding these terms, I cannot provide appropriate medical information or recommendations. For questions about acute kidney injury, I would need more details about the specific situation, such as symptoms, medical history, or what aspect of AKI you're inquiring about.
Definition of AKI
According to the most recent study 1, AKI is defined as an increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or is ≥50% from baseline or when the urine output is reduced below 0.5 mL/kg/h for >6 hours.
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection of AKI is crucial, as it allows for earlier intervention and probably increased chance of prevention or amelioration, as stated in the study 1.
Monitoring Renal Function
Regular monitoring of renal function can help clinicians intervene at a stage sufficiently early to reduce the risk of progression to kidney failure, as mentioned in the study 1. If you're experiencing kidney problems, please consult with a healthcare provider immediately as kidney issues can be serious and require proper medical evaluation.
From the Research
Definition and Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output over hours to days 2.
- AKI can be caused by systemic illness or toxic exposure, and determining the cause is critical when possible 3.
- The etiology of AKI is conceptually classified into three general categories: prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal 4.
Diagnosis and Management of AKI
- AKI is characterized by an abrupt decrease in renal function or the onset of frank renal failure, and can be diagnosed based on serum creatinine increase or decrease in urine output 3.
- Initial evaluation and management of AKI includes laboratory work-up, medication adjustment, identification and reversal of underlying cause, and referral to appropriate specialty care 2.
- Treatment with fluid resuscitation or diuresis is guided by the volume status, and emergent referral to a nephrology subspecialist is recommended for patients with stage 2 or 3 AKI 3.
Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (DI-AKI)
- DI-AKI is associated with exposure to nephrotoxic medications, particularly among hospitalized patients, and can cause severe alterations in blood volume and acid-base balance 5.
- Vancomycin is a primary nephrotoxin, and DI-AKI showed lower severity and mortality compared to other AKI etiologies but had a similar need for Acute Kidney Support Therapy (AKST) 5.
- Administration of potentially nephrotoxic medications, such as diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antibiotics, is associated with an increased risk of AKI 6.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of AKI
- Patients who develop AKI have a 2-fold increased risk for major adverse events within 1 year, and an estimated 19-26% of all cases of hospital-acquired AKI may be attributable to drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD) 6.
- Early determination of etiology, management, and long-term follow-up of AKI are essential, as even one episode of AKI increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and death 2.