What assistance is needed with the patient's history and physical (H&P)?

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Last updated: April 24, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

To create a comprehensive history and physical examination (H&P) document for your patient, you should follow a structured approach that includes chief complaint, history of present illness, past medical history, medications, allergies, family history, social history, review of systems, physical examination findings, assessment, and plan. When gathering information for the history component, it is essential to include demographic data, the patient's other pertinent health care providers, and the present status of visual function, as outlined in the refractive errors preferred practice pattern 1. The history of present illness should detail the patient's symptoms, their onset, duration, severity, and any exacerbating or alleviating factors.

Key components of the history include:

  • Ocular symptoms such as eyelid swelling, diplopia, redness, photophobia
  • Ocular history including prior eye diseases, injuries, surgery, or other treatments and medications
  • Systemic history: medical conditions and previous surgery
  • Medications: ophthalmic and systemic medications currently used, including nutritional supplements and other over-the-counter products
  • Allergies or adverse reactions to medications
  • Family history: pertinent familial ocular and systemic disease
  • Social history, including occupation; tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug use; family and living situation as appropriate

The physical examination should be thorough and relevant to the presenting complaint, with vital signs and systematic examination of pertinent body systems, as suggested by the refractive errors preferred practice pattern 1. Documenting objective findings clearly, avoiding subjective interpretations, is crucial for both clinical decision-making and legal purposes. The assessment should include differential diagnoses based on the history and physical findings, and the plan should outline diagnostic tests, treatments, consultations, and follow-up recommendations. Given the importance of a well-documented H&P as both a clinical tool and a legal document, accuracy and completeness are essential 1.

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From the Research

History and Physical Examination

To assist with your patient's history and physical (h and p), consider the following key points:

  • A significant proportion of diagnoses are made based on history taking, often alongside physical assessments and laboratory investigations 2
  • History taking is a structured but flexible process of gathering relevant information from patients to inform diagnosis and treatment 2
  • Important communication skills for nurses when history taking include active listening, empathetic communication, and cultural sensitivity 2

Taking a Comprehensive Patient History

When taking a patient's history, consider the following steps:

  • Prepare the environment for the patient interview 3
  • Use effective communication skills, such as active listening and empathetic communication 2, 3
  • Gather relevant information from the patient to inform diagnosis and treatment 2, 3

Importance of History and Physical in Diagnosis

The history and physical examination are crucial in diagnosis, as they:

  • Provide a basis for selecting relevant diagnostic testing, leading to a timely and accurate diagnosis 4
  • Protect patients from the risks of unnecessary testing and are cost-effective 4
  • Have been the foundation of medical diagnosis for centuries, with a resurgence in refined form to improve diagnosis 5

Additional Considerations

While there is limited information on the specific patient's condition, consider the following general points:

  • The focus of care is evolving from mortality to recovery, with an emphasis on patient-centered outcomes such as recovery and quality of life 6
  • Recent advances in areas like mechanical circulation, diagnostics, and quality metrics can inform perioperative care 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

How to take a comprehensive patient history.

Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association, 2024

Research

A guide to taking a patient's history.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 2007

Research

Why the history and physical examination still matter.

JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2016

Research

Perioperative care in cardiac surgery.

Minerva anestesiologica, 2021

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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