How does Inspire (Upper Airway Stimulation) work for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

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Last updated: May 8, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Inspire is a highly effective treatment option for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who cannot tolerate CPAP therapy, with studies showing approximately 70% reduction in AHI and significant improvements in oxygen saturation and quality of life measures 1.

How Inspire Works

Inspire is a hypoglossal nerve stimulator implanted surgically, consisting of three components: a small generator, a breathing sensor lead, and a stimulation lead attached to the hypoglossal nerve. It works by monitoring breathing patterns during sleep and delivering mild stimulation to the hypoglossal nerve with each breath, which activates the genioglossus muscle to move the tongue and soft tissues forward, opening the airway.

Candidate Selection

Candidates for Inspire should have an AHI between 15-65 events/hour and BMI ≤32 kg/m². The procedure typically takes 2-3 hours under general anesthesia, with the device activated approximately one month post-surgery.

Efficacy and Safety

Efficacy studies, such as the one published in 2018 1, show significant improvements in AHI, oxygen saturation, and quality of life measures. Potential side effects include tongue soreness, discomfort from stimulation, and mild pain at the incision sites, though these typically resolve with time or stimulation adjustments.

Comparison to Other Treatments

While CPAP is considered the gold standard treatment for OSA, Inspire offers a viable alternative for patients who cannot tolerate CPAP therapy. Other treatment options, such as oral appliances and surgery, may also be considered, but Inspire has shown promising results in terms of efficacy and safety 2.

Regular Follow-up

Regular follow-up is necessary to optimize stimulation parameters for maximum efficacy and to monitor for any potential side effects. With proper management, Inspire can provide significant improvements in sleep quality and overall quality of life for patients with moderate to severe OSA.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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