From the Guidelines
Valerian root is not considered an intoxicant, but rather a herbal supplement with mild sedative effects. It is commonly used to treat insomnia, anxiety, and stress, and its active compounds, including valerenic acid and valepotriates, interact with GABA receptors in the brain to promote relaxation 1. Unlike alcohol or recreational drugs, valerian root does not typically cause euphoria, impaired judgment, or loss of motor control that characterize intoxication. However, valerian can cause drowsiness and should not be combined with alcohol, sedatives, or other sleep medications. Some key points to consider when using valerian root include:
- Standard dosages range from 300-600mg of valerian root extract taken 30-60 minutes before bedtime for sleep issues.
- Valerian root is generally recognized as safe for short-term use (4-6 weeks), but some people may experience side effects like headache, dizziness, or stomach upset.
- Anyone taking medications should consult with a healthcare provider before using valerian root due to potential interactions, as valerian may inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism and alter the safety profile of prescribed medications 1. It is essential to weigh the potential benefits and risks of using valerian root, particularly in patients with a history of medication use or underlying medical conditions, to ensure safe and effective treatment.
From the Research
Valerian Root as an Intoxicant
- Valerian root is not typically considered an intoxicant in the classical sense, as it does not produce euphoric or hallucinogenic effects 2, 3.
- However, valerian root can cause sedation and drowsiness due to its interaction with the GABA(A)-ergic system, which is similar to the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine drugs 4, 5.
- The sedative effects of valerian root are generally considered to be mild and benign, with few reported cases of overdose or adverse effects 2.
- Valerian root extracts have been shown to have anxiolytic effects in laboratory rats, suggesting that they may be useful as a potential alternative to traditional anxiolytics 4.
- The chemical composition of valerian root is complex and variable, with multiple constituents contributing to its overall activity, including valerenic acid, valepotriates, and GABA 3.
Potential Risks and Interactions
- While valerian root is generally considered safe, it can interact with other medications, such as benzodiazepines, and may exacerbate certain medical conditions, such as liver disease 6.
- High doses of valerian root extract may cause cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in certain cell lines, although this effect is not well understood and requires further study 6.
- The use of valerian root extract as an alternative method in cancer treatment may not be effective and may pose a risk to public health, although it may be safe at recommended tolerated concentrations 6.