From the Research
Patients with thyroid follicular adenoma can generally take semaglutide or other GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes or obesity management, as the current evidence suggests no conclusive link between GLP-1 receptor agonists and an increased risk of thyroid cancer in humans, particularly for non-medullary thyroid cancers like follicular adenomas. The most recent and highest quality study, a systematic review and meta-analysis from 2023 1, found that semaglutide use was not associated with an increased risk of any types of cancer, including thyroid cancer. This is consistent with other studies, such as a narrative review from 2024 2, which concluded that there is no conclusive evidence of elevated thyroid cancer risk with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy.
When considering the use of semaglutide or other GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with thyroid follicular adenoma, it is essential to follow standard dosing protocols, such as starting with a lower dose of semaglutide (0.25 mg weekly) and gradually increasing to the therapeutic dose (typically 1.0-2.4 mg weekly depending on the indication). Patients should inform their healthcare provider about their thyroid condition for appropriate monitoring, and regular thyroid function tests may be advisable while on these medications. If the patient experiences any unusual neck symptoms while taking these medications, they should report them promptly to their healthcare provider.
Some studies have suggested a potential link between GLP-1 receptor agonists and medullary thyroid cancer, but this risk appears to be specific to medullary thyroid cancer, not follicular adenomas 3, 4. Therefore, the benefits of using semaglutide or other GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes or obesity management in patients with thyroid follicular adenoma likely outweigh the risks, and these medications can be considered a viable treatment option. However, it is crucial to continue monitoring the patient's thyroid condition and adjust the treatment plan as needed to minimize potential risks and optimize outcomes.