Does low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) reduce facial rhytides (wrinkles)?

From the Guidelines

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) may improve skin quality and reduce fine wrinkling, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in reducing facial rhytides (wrinkles) 1. The current evidence suggests that LLLT or PBM can potentially stimulate collagen production, improve circulation, and reduce inflammation, which may lead to improved skin quality and reduced fine wrinkling. However, the available studies are limited, and more well-designed randomized, controlled, adequately powered studies with longer follow-up and ideally histological confirmation of clinical findings are needed to fully understand the effects of LLLT or PBM on facial rhytides.

Some key points to consider when using LLLT or PBM for facial rhytides include:

• The use of low-wavelength red light (typically 630-700 nanometers) to penetrate the skin and stimulate collagen production
• Treatment sessions typically done 2-3 times weekly for 10-20 minutes per session, continuing for 8-12 weeks to see noticeable improvements
• The importance of using LLLT or PBM as part of a comprehensive skincare routine that includes sun protection, proper hydration, and other anti-aging strategies
• The need for individuals with photosensitivity conditions or taking certain medications to consult a healthcare provider before starting treatment

It is essential to note that the current evidence is based on a small randomized split-face study of PDT (MAL 1 and 3 h, 630 nm, 37 J cm−2) in 10 patients with moderate photo-damage, which found an improvement in skin quality and fine wrinkling 1. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the effectiveness of LLLT or PBM in reducing facial rhytides.

From the Research

Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) or Photobiomodulation (PBM) for Facial Rhytides

• The efficacy of LLLT or PBM in reducing facial rhytides has been investigated in several studies 2, 3, 4.
• A study published in 2017 found that LLLT using 660 nm LEDs or 411 to 777 nm LEDs significantly improved periocular wrinkles in 52 adult female subjects 2.
• Another study published in 2023 demonstrated the effectiveness of red light photobiomodulation in reversing skin aging signs, including wrinkles, in 20 healthy Caucasian women 3.
• The study found that the LED mask used in the treatment improved the depth of crow's feet wrinkles, relaxed the oval of the face, and increased the firmness and elasticity of the skin 3.
• A review of clinical evidence for photobiomodulation published in 2021 found that low-energy red/near-infrared light is a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, including the treatment of facial rhytids 4.

Mechanisms of Action

• The mechanisms of action of LLLT or PBM in reducing facial rhytides are thought to involve the enhancement of mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, as well as the reduction of oxidative stress 3, 4.
• The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy by cells is believed to stimulate these physiological effects, leading to improved skin quality and reduced wrinkles 3, 4.

Comparison with Other Treatments

• Other treatments for facial rhytides, such as carbon dioxide laser, chemical peel, dermabrasion, and facelifts, have been found to be effective in improving skin appearance 5.
• However, these treatments may have more significant side effects and downtime compared to LLLT or PBM 5.
• Topical retinoids, such as tretinoin, have also been found to be effective in repairing photoaged skin and preventing photoaging 6.