Differential Diagnosis for Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Morning Sickness: This is the most common condition associated with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It's a normal part of pregnancy for many women, though its severity can vary widely.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Pregnancy can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to increased pressure on the stomach and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to nausea and vomiting.
- Food Poisoning or Gastroenteritis: These conditions can cause acute nausea and vomiting and must be considered, especially if the onset is sudden.
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): While not directly causing nausea and vomiting, UTIs are common in pregnancy and can cause significant discomfort and systemic symptoms.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Appendicitis: Although less common during pregnancy, appendicitis can present with nausea and vomiting. Missing this diagnosis can lead to severe consequences, including perforation and peritonitis.
- Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure and often protein in the urine, preeclampsia can cause nausea and vomiting, among other symptoms. It's a critical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and management.
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Particularly in women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis can present with nausea and vomiting and is a medical emergency.
- Thyroid Storm: Hyperthyroidism can cause nausea, vomiting, and other systemic symptoms. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening complication of untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism.
Rare Diagnoses
- Addisonian Crisis: A life-threatening condition due to adrenal insufficiency, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and other severe symptoms.
- Congenital or Acquired Liver Disease: Certain liver conditions can cause nausea and vomiting and may be exacerbated by pregnancy.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and while rare in pregnancy, it requires immediate medical attention.
- Neurological Conditions (e.g., Migraines, Vestibular Disorders): Certain neurological conditions can cause nausea and vomiting and may be exacerbated by the physiological changes of pregnancy.