From the Guidelines
Yes, Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does accumulate in adipose tissue. This is due to its high lipid solubility, resulting in significant storage in fat cells 1. The pharmacokinetics of THC, including its bioavailability, vary according to formulation and route of administration, but once absorbed, it is rapidly distributed systemically and stored in adipose tissue.
Key Points
- THC is highly lipid soluble, leading to accumulation in adipose tissue 1
- The storage of THC in fat cells explains its prolonged presence in the body, even after use has stopped
- Individuals with higher body fat percentages may retain THC longer than those with less body fat
- Weight loss can trigger the release of stored THC, potentially causing detectable levels in drug tests 1
Clinical Implications
The accumulation of THC in adipose tissue has important implications for individuals using cannabis, particularly those with cancer who may be using it for therapeutic purposes. It is essential to consider the potential for THC to be released back into the bloodstream as fat cells are metabolized, which can lead to prolonged psychoactive effects 1. This phenomenon should be taken into account when dosing and administering cannabis products, especially in patients with cancer who may be experiencing changes in body composition.
From the Research
Accumulation of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adipose Tissue
- THC is highly lipid soluble and is therefore rapidly taken up by fat tissue 2
- Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) accumulates in adipose tissue where it is stored for long periods of time 3
- The plasma half-life of THC is 1 to 3 days in occasional users and 5 to 13 days in chronic users, indicating that THC can remain in the body for an extended period 2
Release of THC from Adipose Tissue
- Lipolysis promoted by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or food deprivation can liberate THC from adipocytes, resulting in increased blood levels of THC 3
- Conditions that promote lipolysis, such as food deprivation or stress, may raise blood THC levels in animals chronically exposed to the drug 3
Effects of THC on Adipose Tissue
- THC promotes hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, which can lead to an inflammatory state 4
- THC exposure can increase adipocyte size, even in the absence of greater food intake, body weight, and fat 4
- THC can induce macrophage infiltration and increase expression of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue 4