Is Methamphetamine a Stimulant?
Yes, methamphetamine is definitively classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. 1
Pharmacological Classification
Methamphetamine is a sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulant activity, as confirmed by FDA labeling. 1 The drug functions through multiple mechanisms:
- Directly stimulates adrenergic receptors as an agonist 2
- Indirectly causes release of dopamine and norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals 2
- Blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine simultaneously 2
Clinical Effects Confirming Stimulant Properties
The acute cardiovascular and neurological effects clearly demonstrate its stimulant classification:
- Elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressures 1
- Tachycardia and hypertension 2
- Increased alertness, energy levels, and concentration 3, 4
- Euphoria and elevated mood 2, 5
- Weak bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant action 1
Comparison to Other Stimulants
Methamphetamine shares similar pathophysiological effects with cocaine, another well-established CNS stimulant. 2 Both drugs:
- Precipitate acute coronary syndromes through similar mechanisms 2
- Cause coronary vasospasm 2
- Enhance platelet aggregation 2
- Produce tachycardia, hypertension, and arrhythmias 2
The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines explicitly state that "treatment of patients with ACS associated with methamphetamine and cocaine use should theoretically be similar" due to their comparable stimulant effects. 2
Therapeutic Context
Methamphetamine is grouped with other psychostimulants in medical literature, including methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and pemoline. 2 These medications are all classified as sympathomimetic drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors. 2
Regulatory Classification
The FDA classifies methamphetamine as a Schedule II controlled substance due to its stimulant properties, rapid onset of action, immediate behavioral effects, and high potential for abuse and dependence. 1