How many doses of Gardasil (Human Papillomavirus vaccine) does a 28-year-old male need if he received one dose years ago?

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HPV Vaccination Completion for a 28-Year-Old Male with One Prior Dose

This 28-year-old male needs 2 additional doses of Gardasil to complete the 3-dose series, administered at 1-2 months and 6 months after restarting the series. 1

Standard Dosing Schedule

The complete HPV vaccine series consists of 3 doses total for adults who initiate vaccination at age 15 years or older 1:

  • Dose 1: At elected date (already received years ago)
  • Dose 2: 1-2 months after dose 1
  • Dose 3: 6 months after dose 1 (at least 24 weeks after first dose) 1

Critical Point: Series Does Not Need to Be Restarted

If the HPV vaccine schedule is interrupted, the vaccine series does not need to be restarted. 2 The patient should simply continue where he left off and receive the remaining 2 doses according to the standard intervals.

Age Considerations for This Patient

At 28 years old, this patient falls into a special category:

  • Routine catch-up vaccination is recommended through age 26 years for all males 1, 3
  • For ages 27-45 years, shared clinical decision-making is recommended rather than routine vaccination 4, 5
  • However, since this patient already initiated the series, completing it is appropriate 2

Factors Supporting Completion at Age 28

The following factors would particularly support completing the series 4:

  • Having new sex partners or anticipating new partners in the future
  • Being a man who has sex with men (MSM), as they may especially benefit from protection against condyloma and anal cancer 1, 3
  • Being immunocompromised 1

Important Caveats About Prior Infection

A history of genital warts, abnormal test results, or positive HPV DNA does not preclude vaccination 1, 4:

  • HPV vaccines protect against multiple types (types 6,11,16,18, and in Gardasil 9: also 31,33,45,52,58) 4, 6
  • Most sexually active adults have been exposed to some HPV types, but not necessarily all vaccine-type HPV 4
  • The vaccine is prophylactic only—it prevents new infections but does not treat existing infections or HPV-related diseases 4, 5

Practical Administration Details

  • Route: Intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the arm or anterolateral thigh 7
  • Dose volume: 0.5 mL per dose 7
  • Can be given with other vaccines at the same visit using separate syringes at different anatomic sites 2

Expected Protection

Completing the 3-dose series provides:

  • High-level protection against external genital lesions (rate ratio 0.16,95% CI 0.07 to 0.38) 8
  • High-level protection against anogenital warts (rate ratio 0.11,95% CI 0.03 to 0.38) 8
  • Protection against HPV-related cancers including anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers 1, 9, 5

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

HPV Vaccination Effectiveness and Recommendations

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

HPV Vaccination Guidelines for Adult Males

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

HPV Vaccination for Adult Males with History of Genital Warts

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

The human papillomavirus vaccines.

Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC, 2006

Research

Human Papillomavirus: Screening, Testing, and Prevention.

American family physician, 2021

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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