Is paracetamol (PCM) a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 4, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Is PCM (Paracetamol) an NSAID?

No, paracetamol (PCM/acetaminophen) is definitively NOT a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), despite sharing some analgesic and antipyretic properties with NSAIDs. 1, 2

Key Pharmacological Distinctions

Paracetamol lacks meaningful anti-inflammatory action, which is the defining characteristic of NSAIDs. 1, 3 While NSAIDs effectively reduce inflammation in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and acute gout, paracetamol does not suppress severe inflammatory processes. 1, 2

Mechanism of Action Differences

  • NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes directly and potently, blocking prostaglandin synthesis at sites of inflammation. 4, 1

  • Paracetamol is a poor COX inhibitor (only 30% maximal COX-2 inhibition) and works through different pathways including metabolism by peroxidase function, cannabinoid receptor activation, and serotonin modulation. 1, 3, 2

  • Paracetamol shows activity only when low levels of arachidonic acid and peroxides are present, explaining why it fails in high-inflammatory conditions where NSAIDs remain effective. 2

Clinical Evidence of Distinction

Guidelines and clinical practice consistently differentiate paracetamol from NSAIDs as separate drug classes. 4, 5, 6

Safety Profile Differences

  • Paracetamol has no cardiovascular toxicity, no increased bleeding risk, no platelet dysfunction, and no gastrointestinal ulceration at therapeutic doses. 5

  • NSAIDs carry dose-dependent risks including cardiovascular events, gastrointestinal bleeding (found in 20-40% of patients), renal dysfunction, and platelet inhibition. 4, 5

Treatment Guidelines Separate Them

  • The American Geriatrics Society recommends paracetamol up to 3-4 grams daily as the preferred initial analgesic specifically because it is NOT an NSAID and lacks NSAID-associated risks. 5

  • For elderly patients ≥75 years, guidelines recommend paracetamol first, then topical NSAIDs if needed, explicitly avoiding oral NSAIDs due to their distinct risk profile. 6

  • In stroke patients, paracetamol is recommended while NSAIDs are generally contraindicated, demonstrating their fundamentally different pharmacological profiles. 5

Comparative Efficacy Context

While paracetamol and NSAIDs have similar analgesic effects for certain conditions (osteoarthritis pain showed no difference at 4,8, and 24 weeks), 4 this does not make paracetamol an NSAID—it simply means both classes can relieve pain through different mechanisms. 4

Common Clinical Pitfall

Do not assume paracetamol provides anti-inflammatory benefits. For conditions requiring true anti-inflammatory action (rheumatoid arthritis, acute gout, significant tissue inflammation), paracetamol is inadequate and NSAIDs are necessary. 1, 2

References

Research

[Pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ENT pathology].

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2001

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Pain Management in Stroke Patients

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

NSAID Selection for Elderly Patients with Knee Pain

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.