What is the most appropriate immediate management for an 18‑year‑old gravida 2 para 1 woman at 35 weeks + 4 days gestation presenting with early preterm labor, regular painful contractions, 2 cm cervical dilation, 100% effacement, -3 station, cephalic presentation, stable vital signs, no vaginal bleeding or abnormal discharge, and reassuring fetal movements?

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Manejo ng Preterm Labor sa 35 4/7 Weeks AOG

Ibigay ang dexamethasone 6mg IM ngayon at ulitin pagkatapos ng 12 oras, magpatuloy ng tocolysis gamit ang nifedipine o indomethacin para sa 48 oras upang makumpleto ang corticosteroid course, at maghanda para sa posibleng preterm delivery sa loob ng susunod na linggo. 1

Pangunahing Diagnostic Assessment

Ang pasyente ay nasa early preterm labor batay sa:

  • Regular labor pains na may cervical change (2cm dilated, 100% effaced) 1, 2
  • 35 4/7 weeks AOG—nasa high-risk window para sa preterm delivery complications 1, 2
  • Cephalic presentation sa -3 station na may intact bag of waters 1

Mahalagang tandaan: Kahit 2cm dilation lang, ang kombinasyon ng regular contractions at cervical effacement ay tumutukoy sa tunay na preterm labor, hindi false labor. 1, 2

Corticosteroid Administration: Pinakamahalagang Intervention

Ang dexamethasone 6mg IM ay tama at dapat ibigay kaagad dahil:

  • Ito ang tanging antenatal intervention na napatunayan na nagpapabuti ng neonatal outcomes kabilang ang pagbaba ng neonatal mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, at respiratory distress syndrome 2, 3
  • Dapat ibigay hanggang 35 weeks gestation para sa fetal lung maturity 1
  • Ang dosing schedule ay: 6mg IM every 12 hours para sa 4 doses (o 12mg IM every 24 hours para sa 2 doses kung betamethasone) 1
  • Ang benepisyo ay makikita pagkatapos ng 48 oras, kaya kailangan ng tocolysis para i-prolong ang pregnancy 1, 2

Tocolytic Management: Prolonging Pregnancy for 48 Hours

Magsimula ng tocolytic therapy kaagad upang:

  • Magbigay ng 48 hours para sa corticosteroid administration 1, 2
  • Magbigay ng oras para sa in utero transfer kung kinakailangan 3

Pinakamainam na Tocolytic Options:

Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker):

  • 10-20mg oral loading dose, pagkatapos 10-20mg every 4-6 hours 1, 2
  • Mas preferred dahil sa better safety profile 2, 3

Indomethacin (NSAID):

  • 50-100mg rectal loading dose, pagkatapos 25-50mg oral every 6 hours 1, 2
  • Limitahan sa <48 hours at <32 weeks dahil sa fetal risks (oligohydramnios, premature ductus arteriosus closure) 1, 2
  • Sa 35 weeks, mas ligtas ang nifedipine 1, 2

Iwasan ang magnesium sulfate bilang first-line tocolytic dahil mas mababa ang efficacy kaysa nifedipine o indomethacin 1, 2

Magnesium Sulfate for Neuroprotection

Hindi na kailangan sa 35 4/7 weeks dahil:

  • Ang magnesium sulfate para sa fetal neuroprotection ay recommended lang bago ang 32 weeks gestation 1, 2
  • Ang pasyente ay lampas na sa window na ito 1, 2

Group B Streptococcus Prophylaxis

Magsimula ng GBS prophylaxis kaagad dahil:

  • Walang documented GBS screening results sa prenatal records 1
  • Lahat ng preterm labor cases ay dapat makatanggap ng intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis hanggang sa makuha ang negative GBS culture 1
  • Penicillin G 5 million units IV loading dose, pagkatapos 2.5-3 million units IV every 4 hours hanggang delivery 1
  • Kung may penicillin allergy: cefazolin 2g IV loading, pagkatapos 1g IV every 8 hours 1

Monitoring Requirements

Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring habang:

  • Nasa tocolytic therapy 1, 2
  • May regular contractions 1, 2

Serial cervical examinations every 2-4 hours para:

  • I-assess ang progression ng labor 1
  • Mag-decide kung kailan mag-proceed sa delivery 1

Vital signs monitoring para sa:

  • Maternal hypotension (side effect ng nifedipine) 1
  • Tachycardia (side effect ng terbutaline kung gagamitin) 1

Fluid Management: Critical Pitfall

Mag-ingat sa fluid overload dahil:

  • Ang standard practice ng 1L IV fluid bolus ay maaaring sobra para sa ilang pasyente 1
  • Ang oxytocin (endogenous at infused) ay may antidiuretic effect 1
  • Limitahan ang IV fluids sa maintenance rate (80-125 mL/hour) maliban kung may specific indication 1

Delivery Planning

Maghanda para sa preterm delivery dahil:

  • 68.8% ng patients na may preterm contractions at advanced cervical dilation ay nananatiling pregnant ng >1 week kahit walang tocolysis, pero 31.2% ay mag-deliver within 1 week 4
  • Ang cervical dilation na may regular contractions ay hindi perpektong predictor ng immediate delivery, pero ang risk ay significant 4, 5

Delivery timing:

  • Kung stable pagkatapos ng 48 hours at kumpleto na ang steroids: expectant management hanggang 37 weeks 2, 3
  • Kung may progression ng labor kahit may tocolysis: proceed to delivery 1, 2
  • Kung may fetal distress o maternal complications: immediate delivery 1, 2

Additional Workup na Dapat Kumpletuhin

Ang mga sumusunod ay tama at dapat gawin:

  • CBC - para i-rule out infection/chorioamnionitis 1
  • Urinalysis - UTI ay common trigger ng preterm labor 2, 3
  • HIV at VDRL - standard prenatal screening kung hindi pa nagawa 3

Common Pitfalls na Dapat Iwasan

  1. Huwag mag-assume na 2cm dilation ay "hindi pa active labor" - sa preterm labor, ang diagnosis ay based sa regular contractions + cervical change, hindi sa specific dilation threshold 1, 2

  2. Huwag mag-delay ng corticosteroids - ang 48-hour window ay critical, at ang bawat oras ay mahalaga para sa fetal lung maturity 1, 2

  3. Huwag gumamit ng tocolytics beyond 48 hours - ang goal ay delay lang para sa steroids at transfer, hindi para i-prevent ang delivery indefinitely 1, 2, 3

  4. Huwag mag-discharge ng patient - ang 35 weeks na may active preterm labor ay kailangan ng hospital observation at readiness para sa delivery 1, 2

  5. Huwag kalimutan ang GBS prophylaxis - ito ay madalas na nakakalimutan pero critical para sa neonatal sepsis prevention 1

References

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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