Does ceftazidime provide coverage against anaerobic organisms?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 26, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Ceftazidime Does NOT Provide Anaerobic Coverage

Ceftazidime has no anaerobic activity and requires the addition of metronidazole for infections involving anaerobic organisms. 1

Spectrum Limitations

  • Ceftazidime lacks activity against anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis, which is a critical pathogen in intra-abdominal and polymicrobial infections 1, 2

  • The FDA label explicitly states that while ceftazidime has activity against many Bacteroides species, "many isolates of Bacteroides species are resistant" 2

  • Multiple research studies from the 1980s confirm ceftazidime has "limited activity against gram-negative anaerobes" 3, 4

Clinical Implications

  • For intra-abdominal infections or any polymicrobial infection with suspected anaerobic involvement, ceftazidime MUST be combined with metronidazole 1

  • This is a common pitfall: using ceftazidime for intra-abdominal infections without adding metronidazole for anaerobic coverage 1

Contrast with Piperacillin-Tazobactam

  • Unlike ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam provides comprehensive anaerobic coverage as monotherapy, eliminating the need for additional metronidazole 5

  • Piperacillin-tazobactam has a "broad anaerobic spectrum" and is recommended as single-agent therapy for intra-abdominal infections 5

  • Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as ceftazidime-avibactam also lack intrinsic anaerobic activity and require metronidazole, similar to ceftazidime alone 5

What Ceftazidime DOES Cover

  • Ceftazidime excels at gram-negative coverage, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is its primary clinical niche 6, 3, 4

  • It has activity against Enterobacteriaceae and is stable against many beta-lactamases 3

  • However, it has poor activity against gram-positive cocci (including staphylococci and streptococci) and no activity against anaerobes 1, 3

References

Guideline

Antimicrobial Therapy with Ceftazidime and Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Ceftazidime review.

Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy, 1985

Guideline

Antimicrobial Coverage of Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Related Questions

What is Cefexime used for?
Is cefixime (third-generation cephalosporin) a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including resistant organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in a patient with a persistent elevated Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) despite azithromycin treatment?
What is the difference between cefadroxyl (Cefadroxil) and cefixime (Cefixime) in terms of spectrum of activity and usage?
What is a recommended intramuscular (IM) antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity?
If using cefotaxime (a cephalosporin antibiotic), what oral form can be used as an alternative?
What venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is recommended after vaginal hysterectomy, including mechanical methods for all patients and low‑molecular‑weight heparin (LMWH) for those older than 40 years, obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), with prior VTE, thrombophilia, active cancer, or prolonged postoperative immobility?
In a pregnant woman with diabetes taking metformin 500 mg twice daily who has an evening blood glucose of 200 mg/dL, what is the appropriate next management?
What is the recommended management for a child with Henoch‑Schönlein purpura, including supportive care, monitoring, and treatment of complications?
What are the recommended vancomycin dosing regimens for adults (with normal or impaired renal function) and children, including target trough concentrations, infusion duration, and alternative agents?
What recent randomized trial evaluated a Mediterranean‑style diet combined with moderate‑intensity aerobic exercise in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (age 18‑40, BMI 25‑35 kg/m²) and what were the outcomes?
What are the recommended practices for using Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring to assess depth of hypnosis during general anaesthesia, including target BIS values for adults and children, how to adjust inhalational and intravenous agents, and special considerations for high‑risk awareness cases or elderly/neurologically vulnerable patients?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.