From the Guidelines
Medications such as chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine, can be used to treat intractable hiccups, but other medications like anesthetics, benzodiazepines, and certain antibiotics may cause hiccups as a side effect. When considering the potential for medications to cause hiccups, it's essential to evaluate the evidence from various studies. For instance, a study published in Pediatrics in 2016 1 discusses the use of antipsychotics and their potential side effects, including QTc prolongation, but also mentions chlorpromazine as a treatment for intractable hiccups. Some key points to consider when evaluating medications that may cause hiccups include:
- The mechanism of action: Medications that affect the central nervous system or interfere with the hiccup reflex arc are more likely to cause hiccups.
- The type of medication: Certain classes of medications, such as anesthetics, benzodiazepines, and antibiotics, may be more likely to cause hiccups.
- The individual patient's response: Some patients may be more susceptible to medication-induced hiccups due to underlying medical conditions or other factors. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience persistent hiccups while taking any medication, as they can adjust your treatment plan or prescribe alternative medications to manage the hiccups. Simple remedies like sipping cold water or holding your breath may provide relief for short-term hiccups.
From the Research
Medications that can cause Hiccups as a Side Effect
- Corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, have been reported to cause hiccups in several cases 2, 3, 4, 5
- Benzodiazepines are also considered to be a potential cause of hiccups, although there is limited evidence in the provided studies
- Antidopaminergic agents, such as perphenazine, have been reported to cause hiccups in at least one case 2
- Other medications, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and metoclopramide, are often used to treat hiccups, but may also cause them in some cases
Specific Medications and their Association with Hiccups
- Dexamethasone: has been reported to cause hiccups in several cases, including a case of persistent hiccups after treatment of COVID-19 3, a case of intractable hiccups during monthly therapy for multiple myeloma 4, and a case of transient hiccups associated with oral dexamethasone 5
- Perphenazine: has been reported to cause severe hiccups in at least one case 2
- Clonazepam: has been used in combination with other medications to treat intractable hiccups in one case 6