What are the indications and usage of Ceftazidime (Ceftazidime) Avibactam?

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Last updated: September 27, 2025View editorial policy

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Indications and Usage of Ceftazidime-Avibactam

Ceftazidime-avibactam is FDA-approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole), complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis, and hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in adults and pediatric patients (at least 31 weeks gestational age). 1

Primary Indications

1. Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (cIAI)

  • Must be used in combination with metronidazole 500 mg IV every 8 hours in adults 1
  • Pediatric patients require metronidazole 10 mg/kg IV every 8 hours 1
  • Recommended treatment duration: 5-14 days 1

2. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI)

  • Including pyelonephritis
  • Monotherapy is sufficient (no need for additional antimicrobials) 1
  • Recommended treatment duration: 7-14 days 1
  • Particularly effective for CRE-UTI with a weak recommendation based on very low quality evidence 2

3. Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia/Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP/VABP)

  • Monotherapy is sufficient 1
  • Recommended treatment duration: 7-14 days 1

Specific Pathogen Coverage

Ceftazidime-avibactam is particularly valuable for treating infections caused by:

  1. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) 2

    • Effective against KPC-producing strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase)
    • Effective against OXA-48-producing strains
    • Standard dose: 2.5 g IV q8h (2 g ceftazidime + 0.5 g avibactam) 2
  2. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3, 4

    • Including isolates resistant to carbapenems, piperacillin-tazobactam, or ceftazidime
  3. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms 4

    • Highly active against ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae

Important Limitations

  • Not effective against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers (e.g., NDM-1) when used alone 3
  • For MBL-producing CRE, combination with aztreonam is suggested 2
  • Not recommended for tigecycline-resistant bloodstream infections 2

Dosing Considerations

Adult Dosing

  • Standard dose: 2.5 g (2 g ceftazidime + 0.5 g avibactam) IV every 8 hours as a 2-hour infusion 1
  • Extended infusion (3 hours) may improve outcomes in critically ill patients 5

Renal Adjustment (Adults)

  • CrCl >50 mL/min: 2.5 g IV q8h
  • CrCl 31-50 mL/min: 1.25 g IV q8h
  • CrCl 16-30 mL/min: 0.94 g IV q12h
  • CrCl 6-15 mL/min: 0.94 g IV q24h
  • CrCl ≤5 mL/min: 0.94 g IV q48h 5, 1

Pediatric Dosing

  • Age-based dosing ranges from 25 mg/kg for neonates to 62.5 mg/kg (maximum 2.5 g) for older children 1
  • Renal adjustment is required for pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with impaired renal function 1

Clinical Efficacy and Outcomes

  • Clinical cure rates of approximately 91% for ceftazidime-resistant infections, comparable to best available therapy (primarily carbapenems) 6
  • May reduce mortality by 182 per 1000 patients treated in CRE infections compared to other antimicrobials (RR 0.55,95% CI 0.42-0.72) 2
  • Potential for reduced treatment failure (RR 0.49,95% CI 0.34-0.70) 2
  • Lower risk of acute kidney injury compared to alternatives like colistin 2

Antimicrobial Stewardship Considerations

  • Should be reserved for confirmed or strongly suspected infections caused by resistant pathogens 1
  • When possible, determine carbapenemase type before initiating therapy for CRE infections 2
  • Consider as an alternative to carbapenems to reduce carbapenem use and slow resistance development 7

Monitoring and Resistance Concerns

  • Emergence of resistance during therapy has been reported in KPC-producing K. pneumoniae 2
  • Risk factors for resistance development include prior ceftazidime-avibactam exposure 2
  • A "see-saw effect" may occur where ceftazidime-avibactam resistance develops but carbapenem susceptibility returns 2
  • Consider combination with a carbapenem when treating KPC-3 producers to prevent resistance 2, 5

Ceftazidime-avibactam represents a valuable treatment option for serious multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections, particularly when carbapenems are not effective or appropriate.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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