From the Guidelines
Distal radius fractures are classified into several types, including Colles' fracture, Smith's fracture, Barton's fracture, Chauffeur's fracture, and die-punch fracture, which can be further categorized as intra-articular or extra-articular, and as displaced or non-displaced. The main types of distal radius fractures are:
- Colles' fracture: the most common type, with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment
- Smith's fracture: volar displacement, also called a reverse Colles' fracture
- Barton's fracture: involves the articular surface with displacement of the dorsal or volar rim
- Chauffeur's fracture: radial styloid fracture
- Die-punch fracture: depression of the lunate fossa These classifications are based on the characteristics of the fracture and are essential for guiding treatment decisions, as different fracture types have varying implications for stability, healing potential, and risk of complications such as malunion or post-traumatic arthritis 1. The treatment choice depends on fracture pattern, displacement, stability, patient age, and functional demands, and may range from cast immobilization for stable fractures to surgical fixation with plates, screws, or external fixators for unstable or displaced fractures 1.
From the Research
Types of Distal Radius Fractures
There are several types of distal radius fractures, which can be classified based on various factors such as the mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, and associated injuries.
- The classification of distal radius fractures is important in identifying the key aspects that affect their outcome 2.
- Distal radius fractures can be divided into different categories based on patient factors, fracture reduction, fracture stability, and the presence of associated injuries 2.
- The fractures can also be classified into five main groups according to the mechanism of injury, including the children fracture equivalent, and associated distal radioulnar joint lesions 3.
- Complex distal radius fractures may require different treatment strategies, taking into account the pertinent anatomy and radiographic landmarks 4.
Classification Systems
Multiple classification systems have been developed to highlight the evolution of the understanding of distal radius fractures.
- These classification systems aim to include all the necessary parameters associated with a distal radius fracture to comprehensively assess the complexity of the lesion 3.
- The classification systems can help guide treatment decisions and management recommendations for distal radius fractures 3.
Fracture Patterns
Distal radius fractures can present with various fracture patterns, including:
- Intra-articular involvement and fracture displacement, which can be evaluated using radiographs 5.
- Complex fracture patterns that may not be amenable to standard treatment strategies, such as volar fixed-angle plate fixation 4.
- Fracture patterns that require closed reduction and immobilization to restore acceptable alignment and stability 6.