How to manage gut microbiome dysbiosis related neuroinflammation?

From the Guidelines

Managing gut microbiome dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on diet, probiotics, and lifestyle modifications. This approach is supported by recent studies, such as 1 and 1, which highlight the importance of diet and gut flora in maintaining gut health and reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases.

Key Interventions

• Start with a Mediterranean or plant-based diet rich in fiber (aim for 25-30g daily), including diverse fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, as suggested by 1 and 1.
• Incorporate specific probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (particularly L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, B. longum, and B. breve) at doses of 10-20 billion CFU daily for at least 8-12 weeks, as recommended by 1.
• Prebiotics such as inulin, FOS, and GOS (5-10g daily) can help nourish beneficial bacteria, as mentioned in 1.
• Consider omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (1000-2000mg EPA/DHA daily) to reduce inflammation, as suggested by 1.
• Limit processed foods, artificial sweeteners, and excessive red meat consumption which can promote dysbiosis, as warned by 1 and 1.
• Regular moderate exercise (150 minutes weekly), stress management through meditation or yoga, and adequate sleep (7-9 hours nightly) are essential complementary approaches, as recommended by 1.

Rationale

These interventions work by strengthening intestinal barrier function, reducing gut permeability, modulating immune responses, and decreasing systemic inflammation that can affect the brain via the gut-brain axis, as explained by 1. For severe cases, consult a healthcare provider who might recommend specialized testing or targeted antimicrobials to address pathogenic overgrowth before rebuilding a healthy microbiome.

Additional Considerations

• Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, as it can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, as cautioned by 1.
• Manage stress through techniques like exercise, meditation, or hobbies to support overall well-being, including gut health, as recommended by 1.
• Stay physically active, as regular exercise supports healthy digestion and can positively influence the gut microbiota, as suggested by 1.

From the Research

Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation

The relationship between gut microbiome dysbiosis and neuroinflammation is complex and bidirectional, with the gut and brain interacting through the nervous system and chemical means via the blood-brain barrier, known as the Microbiota Gut Brain Axis (MGBA) 2. This interaction can lead to various pathophysiological mechanisms, including neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.

Mechanisms of Gut Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation

Several mechanisms have been proposed as drivers of gut dysbiosis and their implications in neuroinflammation, including:

• Action of bacteria that produce bacterial amyloids and lipopolysaccharides, causing macrophage dysfunction and increased gut permeability 2
• Hyperimmune activation of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and NLRP3 2
• Impairment of the gut-blood brain barrier, causing deposition of Aβ in the brain 2
• Dysbiosis in non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), leading to gut inflammation, diarrhea, constipation, visceral hypersensitivity, abdominal pain, and peripheral immune and neuro-immune communication 3

Therapeutic Interventions

Various therapeutic interventions have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota and alleviate neuroinflammation, including:

• Use of prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, or fecal matter transplantation 2
• Administration of anti-inflammatory probiotics, such as Lactobacillus mucosae and Bifidobacterium longum, which have been shown to alleviate cognitive impairment-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in animal models 4
• Therapeutic measures, including probiotics, vagus nerve stimulation, antioxidants, alpha 7 nicotinic receptor agonists, and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist, which may ameliorate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in NCGS 3

Key Findings

Key findings from recent studies include:

• The combination of Lactobacillus mucosae and Bifidobacterium longum can additively alleviate cognitive impairment-like behaviors and neuroinflammation in animal models 4
• Gut bacteria and their products, such as lipopolysaccharides, may be closely connected to the occurrence of cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation 4
• Modulating the gut microbiota can have a positive impact on host health, and various therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating and restoring the intestinal ecosystem balance have been surveyed 5, 6

Gut Microbiota and Host Health

The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health, and its modification can lead to various diseases, including gastrointestinal, metabolic, immunological, and neuropsychiatric disorders 5, 6. The gut microbiome is highly diverse and can be influenced by various genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors.